Nmap

• What networking constructs are used to direct traffic to the right application on a server?

Ports

• How many of these are available on any network-enabled computer?

65535

• [Research] How many of these are considered "well-known"? (These are the "standard" numbers mentioned in the task)

1024

• What is the first switch listed in the help menu for a 'Syn Scan' (more on this later!)?

-sS

• Which switch would you use for a "UDP scan"?

-sU

• If you wanted to detect which operating system the target is running on, which switch would you use?

-O

• Nmap provides a switch to detect the version of the services running on the target. What is this switch?

-sV

• The default output provided by nmap often does not provide enough information for a pentester. How would you increase the verbosity?

-v

• Verbosity level one is good, but verbosity level two is better! How would you set the verbosity level to two?

-vv

• What switch would you use to save the nmap results in three major formats?

-oA

• What switch would you use to save the nmap results in a "normal" format?

-oN

• A very useful output format: how would you save results in a "grepable" format?

-oG

• How would you activate this setting?

-A

• How would you set the timing template to level 5?

-T5

• How would you tell nmap to only scan port 80?

-p 80

• How would you tell nmap to scan ports 1000-1500?

-p 1000-1500

• How would you tell nmap to scan all ports?

-p-

• How would you activate a script from the nmap scripting library (lots more on this later!)?

--script

• How would you activate all of the scripts in the "vuln" category?

--script=vuln

• Which RFC defines the appropriate behaviour for the TCP protocol?

RFC 793

• If a port is closed, which flag should the server send back to indicate this?

RST

• There are two other names for a SYN scan, what are they?

Half-Open, Stealth

• Can Nmap use a SYN scan without Sudo permissions (Y/N)?

N

• If a UDP port doesn't respond to an Nmap scan, what will it be marked as?

open|filtered

• When a UDP port is closed, by convention the target should send back a "port unreachable" message. Which protocol would it use to do so?

ICMP

• Which of the three shown scan types uses the URG flag?

xmas

• Why are NULL, FIN and Xmas scans generally used?

Firewall Evasion

• Which common OS may respond to a NULL, FIN or Xmas scan with a RST for every port?

Microsoft Windows

• How would you perform a ping sweep on the 172.16.x.x network (Netmask: 255.255.0.0) using Nmap? (CIDR notation)

nmap -sn 172.16.0.0/16

• What language are NSE scripts written in?

Lua

• Which category of scripts would be a very bad idea to run in a production environment?

intrusive

• What optional argument can the ftp-anon.nse script take?

maxlist

• What is the filename of the script which determines the underlying OS of the SMB server?

smb-os-discovery.nse

• Read through this script. What does it depend on?

smb-brute

• Which simple (and frequently relied upon) protocol is often blocked, requiring the use of the -Pn switch?

ICMP

• [Research] Which Nmap switch allows you to append an arbitrary length of random data to the end of packets?

--data-length

• Does the target (MACHINE_IP)respond to ICMP (ping) requests (Y/N)?

N

• Perform an Xmas scan on the first 999 ports of the target -- how many ports are shown to be open or filtered?

999

• Note: The answer will be in your scan results. Think carefully about which switches to use -- and read the hint before asking for help!

No Response

• Perform a TCP SYN scan on the first 5000 ports of the target -- how many ports are shown to be open?

5

• Deploy the ftp-anon script against the box. Can Nmap login successfully to the FTP server on port 21? (Y/N)

Y